Mechanical strength and reliability of solid catalysts
The mechanical strength of solid catalysts is one of the key parameters for reliable and efficient performance of a fixed bed reactor. Some recent developments and their basic mechanics within this context are reviewed. The main concepts discussed are brittle fracture which leads to the mechanical failure of the catalyst pellets, measurement ...
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ASTM UOP 967 : 2012 Automated Crush Strength of …
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MERCURY ADSORBENTS : +1 215 702 0323 : USA
MEASURING CRUSH STRENGTHS Crush strengths of adsorbent particles have been measured by two methods. • Individual Particle Method • Bulk Method. INDIVIDUAL PARTICLE CRUSH STRENGTH Twenty particles are tested, one particle at a time. The average crush strength is reported. Crush Strength units of 1.0 Kg are approximately …
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Influence of Catalyst Binders on the Acidity and Catalytic
The catalysts bound with APS-and-alumina and APS-and-silica showed the bulk crush strength of more than 300 KPa while the Z(A10, S10) catalyst presented the lowest bulk crush strength of 276 KPa. These results can be attributed to the dense and continuous matrix formed by viscous sintering when APS is used and Z(P15, A5) …
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Bulk Crush Strength …
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk crush strength of a bed of formed catalyst particles 1/32 to 3/16 in. (0.8 to 4.8 mm) in diameter and is intended to provide information concerning the ability of the catalyst material to …
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Catalyst support
A catalyst support consisting mainly of synthetic silica, with 0.5-10 parts by weight of one or more oxides or phosphates of the elements of group IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA and the lanthanides characterised in that the support preparation method comprises mixing particulate synthetic silica with particulate oxides or phospates of the …
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Automated Crush Strength of Spherical and Extruded Catalysts
This method is for determining the piece crush strength (PCS) of spherical and extruded catalysts using the Lloyd's LS1 motorized sample stand fitted with a load cell. The method applies primarily to particles having a nominal diameter of 1.6-mm (1/16-inch), but may also be used for particles up to 3.2-mm (1/8-inch) in diameter.
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Measurement and statistics of single pellet mechanical strength …
An MQ-200 strength tester, which has a wider measuring range, was used to measure the crushing strength of the high-strength samples. A ZQJ-II strength tester was utilized in measuring the crushing, knife-edge cutting and three-point bending strength data, for all the catalysts with their data falling in a range smaller than 100 N.
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Single-Pellet Crush Strength Testing of Catalysts
Chapter 37 Single-Pellet Crush Strength Testing of Catalysts P. K . Brienza ...
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(PDF) Revisiting the Side Crushing Test Using the Three
The side crushing test is commonly used to characterize the mechanical strength of catalyst supports. However its interpretation is complex for cylindrical supports due to their irregular geometry ...
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The Eight Steps to Specify a Catalyst Bed
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ASTM-UOP967 | Automated Crush Strength of Spherical …
This method is for determining the piece crush strength (PCS) of spherical and extruded catalysts using the Lloyd's LS1 motorized sample stand fitted with a load cell. The method applies primarily to particles having a nominal diameter of 1.6-mm (1/16-inch), but may also be used for particles up to 3.2-mm (1/8-inch) in diameter.
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Standard Test Method for Single Pellet Crush Strength …
load, and the force required to crush the pellet is measured. The procedure is replicated and the average of all measurements taken is determined. 5. Significance and Use 5.1 This test method is intended to provide information concerning the ability of a catalyst shape to retain physical integrity during use. 6. Apparatus
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Designation: D4179 11 (Reapproved 2017)D4179 22
Apparatus 6.1 A suitable compression testing device is required, consisting of the following: ... that moisture pick-up in the 10-min10 min period will not significantly affect the pellet crush strength.) 9.2 Place a single catalyst pellet between the anvils of the compression testing device. Orient each pellet in the same direction
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ASTM D4179 | Mecmesin
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of formed catalysts and catalyst carriers to compressive force and is applicable to regular catalyst shapes such as tablets and spheres. Extrudates, granular materials, and other irregular shapes are specifically excluded. 1.2 This test method determines the average crush strength in the range from …
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Standard Test Method for Radial Crush Strength of …
and catalyst carriers from 1¤16 to 1¤8 in. in diameter (0.159 to 0.318 cm) and limited to pieces with a length to diameter ratio greaterthanorequalto1:1.This test method may be applicable to other diameters. 1.3 This test method is suitable for the determination of mean crush strength per millimetre in the range of 0 to 15 lbf/mm (0 to 65 N/mm).
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Thermally stable and crush resistant microporous glass catalyst
FIG. 4 shows a pneumatic pressure cylinder apparatus for measuring crush strengths of microporous glass beads of the invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic pressure cylinder apparatus shown in FIG. 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to FIG. 1, an overall view of the invention is seen.
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ASTM-D7084 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Bulk Crush
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk crush strength of a bed of formed catalyst particles 1 / 32 to 3 / 16 in. (0.8 to 4.8 mm) in diameter and is intended to provide information concerning the ability of the catalyst material to maintain physical integrity.
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Automated Crush Strength of Spherical and Extruded …
UOP Method 914, "Automated Crush Strength of Catalysts or Molecular Sieves," UOP Method 973, "Automated Crush Strength of Extruded Catalysts," ... Apparatus References to catalog numbers and suppliers are included as a convenience to the method user. Other suppliers may be used. Brush, …
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A study on the mechanical strength of Fe2O3/Cr2O3/CuO catalyst …
Separation of species was performed at 40–180 °C under carrier gas of He. A schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus is shown in Fig. ... The average crush strengths for the catalysts prepared by precipitation and oxidation-precipitation methods were obtained 4.1 and 7.4 kg/tablet, respectively. This significant difference in ...
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Cambridge Polymer Group :: Crush Strength of Catalyst …
In ASTM D7084, "Determination of bulk crush strength of catalysts and catalyst carriers," the crush pressure required to generate 1 wt.% of fines is determined, where 'fines' are defined as particles passing through a mesh size that is half the diameter of the catalyst pellet. Multiple compression loads are used, and the results are ...
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US8263518B2
B01 — PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL. ... contacting a silica bound L-zeolite catalyst having a crush strength of equal to or greater than about 3.0 lb/mm with a hydrocarbon feed in a reaction zone under reforming conditions; and recovering aromatics from the reaction zone; wherein the silica bound L …
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Comparison of Mechanical Strength of Reforming …
strength when a catalyst charge is crushed in a closed apparatus in hydrogen at the reforming temperature the time factor is not taken into account (a reforming catalyst working life is more than 5–7 years) and, what is more important, it does not allow for any simulation of gasdynamic impact conditions which are the main
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Standard Test Method for Radial Crush Strength of …
required to crush the extrudate is measured. The procedure is replicated, the force per millimetre calculated, and the average of all quotients determined. 5. Signi cance and Use 5.1 This test method is intended to provide information on the ability of an extruded catalyst to retain physical integrity during use. 6. Apparatus
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ASTM UOP967-12
This method is for determining the piece crush strength (PCS) of spherical and extruded catalysts using the Lloyd's LS1 motorized sample stand fitted with a load cell. The method applies primarily to particles having a nominal diameter of 1.6-mm (1/16-inch), but may also be used for particles up to 3.2-mm (1/8-inch) in diameter.
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Automated Crush Strength of Spherical Catalysts
This method is for determining the crush strength of spherical catalysts using a Chatillon motorized sample stand and force gauge, or tablet hardness tester. ... The measurement range is from 250 Newtons (N) (56 lbf) down to 1 N (0.22 lbf). Test apparatus other than the Chatillon may be used provided comparable data can be obtained. For ...
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Design and optimization of NiMg/ceria-zirconia catalyst …
The single pellet radial crush strength of the catalysts was measured using a Dake Hydraulic Press equipped with a force sensor and software using the standard test methods ASTM D4179 and ASTM D6175 (note: three individual pellets were tested due to the limitation of the catalyst amount). ... apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or ...
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Length to diameter ratio of extrudates in catalyst …
For a comprehensive overview of typical catalyst strength measurements and their importance in applications, we refer to Le Page, 1 Woodcock and Mason, 2 Bertolacini, 3 Wu et al., 4 and Li et al. 5 Herein, especially the single pellet crush strength test and the bulk crush strength test are described. The latter is also established as the ...
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Catalyst Mechanical Testing
The mechanical strength of the porous alumina catalyst support beads of the reformer used for continuous catalytic regeneration was measured by the impact test. Using this test method, the particle strength can be measured at a higher strain rate than the traditional crushing test method, so as to better simulate the pneumatic conveying and ...
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Crushing strength as a diagnostic test for catalysts
The usefulness of catalyst pellet crushing strength as a diagnostic test for catalysts is discussed with reference to examples using industrial catalysts. In particular, the applicability of the technique for (i) re-use of partially used catalyst charges, (ii) comparison of prospective catalysts and (iii) investigation of the effect on ...
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