Modeling and simulation of iron ore pellet drying and …
ABSTRACT As key parameters of modeling iron ore pellet drying and induration process, the properties of a packing bed are calculated by our proposed method. Derived from realistic spheres-dropping phenomena, the dropping and rolling rules make the moving sphere finally reach its minimum gravitational potential energy. Furthermore, …
اقرأ أكثر
SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN A POROUS BED OF IRON ORE
Travelling grate is one of the key equipment for iron ore pellet production, which is mainly used for pellet drying and preheating. A lot of study results show that unstable grate bed temperature ...
اقرأ أكثر
SINTERING MECHANISM OF MAGNETITE PELLETS DURING …
Thermal volume changes and oxidation mechanisms in magnetite iron ore green pellets balled with 0.5% bentonite binder, as a function of raw material fineness and pellet porosity, are shown.
اقرأ أكثر
Cooling process of iron ore pellets in an annular cooler
A 3-D mathematical model was presented for the cooling process of iron ore pellets based on the laws of mass, momentum, and heat transfer. The flow, pressure, and temperature fields were obtained ...
اقرأ أكثر
Cooling process of iron ore pellets in an annular cooler
A 3-D mathematical model was presented for the cooling process of iron ore pellets based on the laws of mass, momentum, and heat transfer. The flow, pressure, and temperature fields were obtained by numerical simulation with the commercial software FLUENT. In order to verify the model, a mass and energy balance field test was …
اقرأ أكثر
HEAT TRANSFER DURING THE SINTERING PROCESS OF IRON ORE …
Sintering is a widely used method to agglomerate iron -containing fine-grained. materials. In sintering the ore fines, concentrates, fluxes, and c oke breeze are thoroughly. weighed, moistened ...
اقرأ أكثر
Heat Transfer in a Bed of Dry Iron Ore Pellets
This study focuses on heat transfer over a temperature range commonly observed during transport of iron ore pellets. Specifically, KPBO pellets of Luossavaara Kiirunavaara …
اقرأ أكثر
Three-dimensional characterization of porosity in iron ore pellets…
Consequently, the iron ore charge for blast furnaces can comprise a mixture of ore lump, iron ore sinter, and iron ore pellets. The pellet manufacturing process involves three main stages: raw material preparation, ... Heat transfer has the most significant effect on entropy generation, followed by chemical reactions, while mass transfer has ...
اقرأ أكثر
Advances in Sintering and Pellet Technology
Amongst various processes used in agglomeration, sintering and pelletization are widely used in the iron ore industries. About 70% of the blast furnace feed is reporting from the sintering …
اقرأ أكثر
SINTERING AND PELLETISATION OF INDIAN IRON ORES
The major advantages of using sinter in BFs are. Use of iron ore fines, coke breeze, metallurgical wastes, lime, dolomite for hot metal production. Better reducibility and other high temperature properties. Increased BF productivity due to higher softening temperature and lower softening –melting temperature range.
اقرأ أكثر
Mineralogical Aspects of Reducing Lump Iron Ore, Pellets, and Sinter
Abstract Iron ore, pellets, and sinter were reduced with hydrogen at 800 °C to understand the degree of reduction and the mineralogical aspects. The weight loss of goethite and limonite iron ore was noticed to be lower than that of magnetite and hematite varieties. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) indicated 100 pct Fe in the case of hematite, 93 pct …
اقرأ أكثر
Review on Reduction Kinetics of Iron Ore–Coal Composite Pellet …
Abstract The use of iron ore–coal composite pellet as a raw material for iron making is an ongoing area of research. Investigations on composite pellet reduction have reported some interesting phenomena, and experimental and modeling results, in which consistent and inconsistent conclusions have been presented in the literature. The …
اقرأ أكثر
Basics of Iron Ore Sintering | SpringerLink
With presence of CaO in the sinter, formation of iron-calcium olivines is more feasible than fayalite formation. Kinetics of each reaction also plays an important role. The propagation of heat transfer and combustion zones through the bed during sintering, gas flow, heat & mass transfer needs modeling studies and detailed experimental ...
اقرأ أكثر
Ore Pellet
Abstract. This chapter: 1. Describes the iron ore burden materials charged to the blast furnace (BF): lump ore, sinter, and pellets. 2. Gives an overview of the iron ore minerals used and the related processing techniques. 3. Compares the physical and chemical properties of the iron ore charge materials, as well as their impact on the BF operation.
اقرأ أكثر
Preparation of Iron Ore Micro-pellets and Their Effect on Sinter …
The heat transfer through the sinter bed depends upon the air resistance offered by the bed or ability to permeate air through the bed . Thus, the permeability of the sinter bed is a very important parameter. ... The improvement in permeability and sinter quality has been reported through addition of micro-pellets in the iron ore fines .
اقرأ أكثر
Effect of adding limestone on the metallurgical properties of iron ore …
Acid iron ore pellets with 4.6 wt.% SiO 2 manufactured by Severstal Resources in Karelia were used in the investigations. Both test pellets were produced in a laboratory-scale pelletizing drum and fired in sample baskets set in the middle of the sintering belt on the same production line as commercial blast furnace pellets.
اقرأ أكثر
Mathematical modeling of thermal behavior of single …
1, being highly exothermic, provides a notable part of the energy required for heat hardening (induration) of iron ore pellets during pelletizing process. It also leads to strong bonding between the grains and reduces dust generation during the transport and loading.
اقرأ أكثر
Heat Transfer Conditions in Hydrogen-Fired Rotary Kilns for …
This work analyzes the heat transfer conditions in a rotary kiln used for the heat treatment of iron ore pellets in the grate-kiln process. The analysis concerns conditions relevant …
اقرأ أكثر
Discrete and Continuous Modeling of Heat and Mass Transport …
Although some studies have reported the drying of green pellets, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] [14] little is known on the drying of iron ore pellet feed or sinter feed concentrates. Studies ...
اقرأ أكثر
Cooling process of iron ore pellets in an annular cooler
In this period, air flow, heat transfer, and iron ore pellet oxidation take place at the same time [6-8]. Finally, the pellets are cooled, the cooling air is heated, and the waste heat is recovered [9-10]. The techno- Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., Vol.18, No.3, Jun 2011 logical flow chart is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1.
اقرأ أكثر
(PDF) Drying and preheating processes of iron ore pellets in …
The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors.
اقرأ أكثر
Iron ore pelletization
However, sinter and pellets are now the dominant blast furnace burden, because the natural lump supply has declined dramatically due to depletion of the world's high-grade competent iron ore resources. In addition, more iron ore concentrates are being produced due to the increasing need for beneficiation to upgrade low-grade iron …
اقرأ أكثر
Heat Transport in Drying of Iron Ore Pellets in a Two …
The drying of iron ore pellets in two-dimensional bed is considered using Voronoi discretisation and flow pattern obtained by minimisation of the dissipation rate of energy. …
اقرأ أكثر
Temperature Field Simulation Model for Rotary Kiln of Iron Ore …
Temperature Field Model of Rotary Kiln 1.2 Temperature field model 1. 2. 1 The axial heat transfer model is established based on the following assumptions: the process is at steady state; axial heat transfer between each cross- section is ignored; the temperature and blackness of flue gas, pellets and kiln wall are uniform in each unit.
اقرأ أكثر
Heat Transfer Conditions in Hydrogen-Fired Rotary Kilns for Iron Ore …
This work analyzes the heat transfer conditions in a rotary kiln used for the heat treatment of iron ore pellets in the grate-kiln process. The analysis concerns conditions relevant to fuel switching from coal to hydrogen gas. A modeling assessment of the radiative heat transfer in the kiln is conducted including the pellet bed and inner kiln …
اقرأ أكثر
Mechanisms in oxidation and sintering of magnetite iron ore green pellets
Thermal volume changes and oxidation mechanisms in magnetite iron ore green pellets balled with 0.5% bentonite binder, as a function of raw material fineness and pellet porosity, are shown. When a ...
اقرأ أكثر
Drying and Roasting Characteristics of Iron Ore Pellets with …
Drying and roasting behavior of iron ore pellets with microwave and conventional heating have been comparably investigated. The results showed that the dehydration time of green pellets can be shortened by approximately two-thirds with microwave heating. Meanwhile, the average compressive strength of pellets with …
اقرأ أكثر
Discrete and Continuous Modeling of Heat and Mass Transport …
Drying of a porous bed of iron ore pellets is here considered by modeling a discrete two-dimensional system of round pellets. As a complement to the two-dimensional model, a continuous one-dimensional model enabling fast calculations is developed. Results from the discrete model show that the temperature front advances faster in …
اقرأ أكثر
Modeling and Simulation of Heat Front Propagation in the Iron Ore …
Abstract. The aim of this work was to develop a model for the iron ore sintering process with special focus on heat front propagation through the packed bed and to provide a powerful tool ...
اقرأ أكثر
Solid state sintering in the induration of iron ore pellets
Transport mechanisms active during strength development of pellets are dealt with. SUCCESSFUL pilot plant development of the process to pelletize fine iron oxide …
اقرأ أكثر