Enhancing Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace Process of Saprolitic Laterite …
Rotary Kiln - Electric Furnace (RKEF) process is the most commonly used pyrometallurgical technique for processing nickel laterite ores and is mainly suited for saprolite deposits.
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Separation and Recovery of Iron and Nickel from Low-Grade Laterite
The low-grade nickel laterite ore used in this study was successfully upgraded through selective reduction by industrialized rotary kilns followed by magnetic separation. The results indicated that both iron metallization extent and nickel metallization extent showed obvious linear correlation. In addition, rational roasting temperature and …
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Evolution of ferronickel particles during the reduction of …
and/or pyrometallurgy. In general, saprolitic laterite nickel ore is processed by pyrometallurgy and limonite is processed by hydrometallurgy. Through pyrometallurgy, there are three proven technologies for the processing of saprolitic laterite nickel ore, namely, RKEF (rotary kiln–electric furnace), blast furnace, and Krupp–Renn.
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The Past and the Future of Nickel Laterites
In 2003, nickel from laterite sourced accounted for 42 % or about 510 kt Ni. By 2012 the share of laterite source nickel is expected to rise to 51 %. The growth in nickel supply has followed economic cycles and other world events. However on the whole nickel production has risen at a rate of about 4% p.a. (Figure 2).
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Smelting and Selective Reduction of Limonitic Laterite Ore …
One main source of nickel besides nickel sulfide ore is laterite nickel ore. Laterite ore is more sustainable and has abundant reserves. Nowadays, nickel demands are increasingly needed either for the manufacture of stainless steel or nickel-based batteries. This study aims to study the smelting process of limonitic laterite nickel ore. …
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Production of Fe Ni by the rotary kiln-electric furnace process …
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the most common method for ferronickel production from laterite ore. Since sulfur deteriorates the mechanical properties of ferronickel, it is essential to examine the routes through which sulfur is transferred to the nickel-containing product during the extraction process.
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Rotary Dryers in Nickel Laterite Ore Preparation
The Need for Nickel Laterite Dryers. While drying is a common first step in many mineral processing operations, it is essential when it comes to laterites, which are typically surface mined in the tropics and can contain up to 30% moisture. ¹. This high moisture content gives laterites a wet and sticky quality, which makes further processing ...
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The effect of sulfur in rotary kiln fuels on nickel laterite
Rotary Kiln - Electric Furnace (RKEF) process is the most commonly used pyrometallurgical technique for processing nickel laterite ores and is mainly suited for saprolite deposits. Sulfur is one of the harmful elements in crude ferronickel obtained via the RKEF process. Typically, laterite ores contain insubstantial sulfur content; hence, it is …
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Processing of Nickel Laterite Ores on the Rise
Both hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches are used to process nickel laterite ores, with the best approach depending on the ore composition. ... The RKEF, or Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace method, is a pyrometallurgical approach to producing ferronickel. As a pyrometallurgical technique, this method is best suited for ores that are ...
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Process simulation and exergy analysis of two nickel laterite
Two-thirds of the global nickel output can be attributed to the rotary kiln-electric furnace process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 in laterite, a high temperature (∼1600 °C) and corresponding energy (approximately 14 GJ/t-ferronickel) are required during the electric furnace smelting.
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Direct reduction of garnierite ore for production of ferro-nickel …
Two-thirds of the global nickel output can be attributed to the rotary kiln-electric furnace process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 in laterite, a high temperature (∼1600 °C) and corresponding energy (approximately 14 GJ/t-ferronickel) are required during the electric furnace smelting. This work verifies the feasibility of ...
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Proses Produksi Feronikel dari Bijih Nikel Laterit dengan Metode Rotary
Laterite nickel ore with a Ni content greater than 1.8% can be processed through pyrometallurgical methods. The production of ferronickel using the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace method involves a series of steps, including the transportation of raw materials, drying of samples, moisture content testing, sample testing, smelting, pouring, …
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Separation and recovery of iron and nickel from low …
laterite nickel ore by microwave carbothermic ... which will hinder the production of the rotary kiln [4–6]. Due to environmental pollution problems, especially in the metallurgical
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Modelling and optimization of a rotary kiln direct …
This tool has been utilized for a variety of pyrometallurgical applications including ferrovanadium, nickel carbonate, nickel laterite, iron ore reduction, and spodumene (lithium) production. In this paper the direct reduction of iron ore to sponge iron is used as an example. The model incorporates a large number of variables covering, amongst ...
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Separation and Recovery of Iron and Nickel from Low …
upgrading of low-grade nickel laterite ore. In this paper, by collaborating with anenterprise, its aim is to validate and promote a practical and efficient pretreatment technology to upgrading of low-grade nickel laterite ore by reduction roasting in rotary kiln followed by magnetic sepa-ration. The effect of roasting temperature of rotary kiln ...
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Selective Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ore
2.3 Direct reduction of laterite nickel ore in industrial scale Most laterite nickel ore processing is carried out using Elkem process. The Elkem process uses Rotary Kiln and Electric Furnace (RKEF) to reduce and smelt laterite nickel ore. Commercialization of Elkem process itself began with the development of a pilot plant in 19531954. At ...
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rotary kiln for nickel
Laterite nickel rotary kiln is used for nickel-iron reduction. The main raw material is laterite nickel ore. The reducing agent can be cheap coal, peat coal, or medium coal. About laterite nickel. The main minerals of nickel ore include pyrrhotite, serpentine nickel ore, garnierite or nickeliferous pyrite, and red nickel ore. Nickel-iron is ...
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Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace Rkef Electric Furnace
The laterite nickel rotary kiln cylinder is a heated rotating part, which is made of high-quality carbon steel plate, and the cylinder is supported on the rotating device by the kiln tyre, and is provided Mechanical or hydraulic thrust wheel on one or several gear supporting devices to control the axial swaying of the cylinder. 3. The ...
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Modelling of Nickel Laterite Smelting to Ferronickel
It contains about 35 wt-% free water so is dried in a rotary kiln, with the product still containing approximately 10 - 13 wt-% water. Most of this water is chemically bound within such minerals as garnierite (Mg,Ni) 3 Si 2 O 5 ... Overall, the modelling of the electric furnace smelting of nickel laterite calcines has provided .
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(PDF) New Method of Laterite Ore Processing: Smelting in …
Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and smelting—followed by further refining for the removal of impurities from the raw ferro-nickel.
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Exergy assessment of a rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting …
They concluded that the slag, flue gas of electric furnace, flue gas of rotary kiln and the sensible heat of laterite ores calcined are valuable for recovery. In fact, part of their suggestions have been applied in the present RKEF process. Norgate et al. [14] presented a life cycle assessment for the energy of nickel laterite processing.
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High-Grade Ferronickel Concentrates Prepared from Laterite Nickel …
Nickel is widely used in industrial processes and plays a crucial role in many applications. However, most of the nickel resource mainly exists as nickel oxide in laterite nickel ore with complex composition, resulting in difficulty in upgrading the nickel content using physical separation methods. In this study, high-grade ferronickel concentrates …
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The effect of sulfur content of rotary kiln fuel on the …
The laterite nickel ore is placed in the rotary kiln for drying intervention reduction at a temperature of 650-800 • C, and then placed in the reducing furnace at 1550-1600 • C for smelting ...
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Separation and recovery of iron and nickel from low-grade laterite
The low-grade nickel laterite ore used in this study was successfully upgraded through selective reduction by industrialized rotary kilns followed by magnetic separation. The results indicated that …
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Upgrade of nickel and iron from low-grade nickel laterite …
2.1 Materials 2.1.1 Nickel laterite ore. The chemical composition of nickel laterite as received from Philippines employed in the study is shown in Table 1.It indicates that the nickel laterite contains 1.29 wt.% Ni, 16.31 wt.% Fe, 32.28 wt.% SiO 2 and 27.38 wt.% MgO with both high Fe/Ni of 12.64 and MgO/SiO 2 of 0.85, while the impurity …
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Ferronickel Preparation from Nickeliferous Laterite by Rotary Kiln …
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high power consumption.
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Technology of Slag Formation Control in Electric Furnace
Two-thirds of the global nickel output is produced by the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 and low content of iron in laterite ore, high temperature (~1600 ℃) and huge energy consumption (approximately 4000 kW⋅h/t-ferronickel) are required during the smelting step. This chapter proposes an …
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Exergy assessment of a rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting …
Among these methods, the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is widely used in China due to its advantages of good adaptability for various nickel laterite, less harmful elements, high production efficiency and mature process [10]. However, the RKEF process suffers from the high energy consumption and a large amount of by …
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CN202973836U
The utility model provides a rotary kiln for producing ferronickel from Indonesia Sulawesi nickel laterite ore through RKEF technical processing. The rotary kiln comprises a kiln body and a bracket provided with riding wheels to support the kiln body, wherein a drive and transmission device enabling the kiln body to rotate on the riding …
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Separation and Recovery of Iron and Nickel from Low-Grade Laterite
For the nickel laterite ore, under the synergistic effect of sodium sulphate and hydrogen, a nickel content and nickel recovery of 6.38% and 91.07% were obtained, respectively, with high product ...
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