Thermodynamic modeling of antimony removal from …
In addition, the copper matte and slag contain small amounts of [SbO1.5]mt and Sbsl, respectively, due to mechanical entrapment during the copper smelting process. The effects of copper matte grade on the contents of Sb in copper matte, slag, and flue gas are represented in Fig. 13.
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Ausmelt TSL Process
The Ausmelt TSL Process offers an integrated solution for copper smelting and converting or it can be coupled with existing site processes. The Ausmelt TSL Furnace can process copper concentrates with a wide range of copper contents and high impurities contents. For copper smelting the Ausmelt TSL Process has been installed in relatively small
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Effect of Alumina on Copper Smelting of Fayalite-Based …
The use of low grade, high impurity copper concentrate has made the copper smelting process increasingly complex. As the composition of copper slag changes, controlling slag characteristics is essential to maintain process efficiency and improve slag matte separation. Al2O3 is one of the major gangue elements in the …
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Why we need cleaner copper production | Popular Science
Most of the 22.7 million tons of copper produced every year require roasting ore to purify the metal. Called pyrometallurgy, it's a high-temperature process carried out in more than 120 smelting ...
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Emulsification and Flow Characteristics in Copper Oxygen …
Oxygen-rich side-blown bath smelting (OSBS) is a kind of copper smelting technology with high efficiency, energy-saving, and environment-friendly characteristics. However, emulsification and flow pattern as significant hydrodynamic parameters have been rarely studied for the OSBS process. The formation, size distribution of slag-matte droplets, …
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Multiphase equilibrium modeling of oxygen bottom-blown copper smelting …
Guo et al. proposed an oxygen-enriched bottom-blown smelting process to extract valuable metals from high-arsenic copper dross, indicating that 35% of copper is distributed to lead copper matte ...
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Baiyin Copper Smelting Process | SpringerLink
The main technical indicators of the baiyin copper smelting process are as follows: The bed capacity is 38.8 t/ (m 2 ·day), the oxygen-enriched concentration is 45–55%, the matte grade is 50–55%, the copper content of the slag is 0.7–1%, the sulfur dioxide concentration of the flue gas at furnace outlet is 20–22%, and the dust content ...
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Phase Transformation of Impurity Elements and High
Due to the depletion of copper ore with high-grade and low impurity contents, the raw materials for copper smelting exhibit low copper contents and high impurities. High-impurity elements lead to the poor performance of the final copper product; thus, the removal of impurity elements during the oxygen-enriched copper smelting process is …
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Geochemical changes during Egyptian copper smelting?
The site of Ayn Soukhna, located by the Red Sea coast (Fig. 1), provides the only fully documented example of Middle Kingdom Egyptian copper smelting technology known so far.The excavation of dozens of workshops dating to the beginning of the Middle Kingdom (between Mentuhotep IV and Sesostris I - year 9 (Tallet, 2018: 140–145), ca. …
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Smelting | Definition & Facts | Britannica
Smelting ( q.v.) is the process used in blast furnaces to reduce iron ores. Tin, copper, and lead ores are also smelted. This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Curley. Smelting, process by which a metal is obtained, either as the element or as a simple compound, from its ore by heating beyond the melting point.
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Vision-Based Fan Speed Control System in the Copper Scraps Smelting Process
This paper presents a vision-based system to control the draught fan speed in the copper scr aps smelting process. First, the proposed vision-based system captures e xhaust gas images and extracts ...
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(PDF) Development and Application of SKSSIM …
The oxygen bottom blown copper smelting process (SKS process) is a newly developed intense smelting process, which has been widely applied to copper production in China. A multiphase equilibrium ...
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(PDF) Copper smelting and converting: past and present
Chilean development. Introduction. Converting of copper matte or white metal produced. by smelting copper concentrates by the classical pyro-. metallurgical route, is an oxidation at high ...
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What is Smelting
Pure metal, often in the form of a metal bar or ingot. Obtaining metals from their ores, e.g., iron from iron ore, copper from copper ore. Melting. To turn a solid metal into its liquid form. Heating a solid metal until it reaches its melting point. Molten metal. Casting, reshaping metal, creating molds for various products, and recycling metal ...
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CFD Study on Bottom-Blown Copper Smelting Furnace with …
Oxygen-enriched bottom blowing copper smelting, a crude copper-smelting process, holds independent intellectual property rights in China. It was put into operation in Dongying, Shandong, China for the first time in 2008 and also industrialized in Vietnam in 2001 [1, 2], which has a good research trend in the treatment of copper scrap in the …
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Optimal Scheduling of the Peirce-Smith Converter …
Copper losses during the Peirce-Smith converter (PSC) operation is of great concern in the copper smelting process. Two primary objectives of the PSC are to produce blister copper with a shorter batch …
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Distribution behavior and deportation of arsenic in copper top …
Distribution behavior and deportation of arsenic in copper top-blown smelting process. Wenlei Jia 1,2, Bo Li 1,2 *, Shiwei Zhou 1,2, Yonggang Wei 1,2 and Hua Wang 1. ... an oxygen-enriched top-blown smelting experiment was conducted with mixed copper concentrates. The mechanism of arsenic fixation in smelting slag at a smelting …
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Research Progress on Heavy Metals Pollution in the Soil of Smelting
1. Introduction. In many parts of the world, heavy metal pollution is currently a major issue [1,2].Chemically, heavy metal elements have an atomic mass greater than 20 and a gravity greater than 5 g·cm −3 [3,4,5], including Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Zinc (Zn) …
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Copper Smelting
81. This smelter is concepts. In future sm lting projects, undoubtedly some of designed to produce 65,000 ton/day ofcopper; however, the these advances will be considered in th process evaluation . feed preparation and an casting de areas are designed for Although the flash smelting process has been in.
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Modelling copper smelting – the flash smelting plant, process …
The effectivity of present copper smelting technologies have their roots in industrial and laboratory-scale experience accumulated over the past decades. Since early '60s, the tools for improving the processing conditions and smelting vessel design included scale modelling and manual computing of homogeneous multicomponent equilibria.
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Thermodynamic Considerations of Copper Complex Resources Smelting Process
At the given operating conditions in this study, the necessary amount of WPCBs charged into copper concentrates to run the smelting process without extra addition of fuels, is 28t/h, with copper concentrates of 180t/h. In conclusion, the WPCBs can be served as copper resources, fuels and flux in smelting process.
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Modelling copper smelting–the flash smelting plant, …
Copper industry uses several technologies compared to most other metals [1]. As a result of its predominantly sulphidic raw materials, severe harmful emissions to atmosphere and soil have been local and global problems. In the 70 year history of the Flash Smelting process for sulphide concentrates [2], significant
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Top-blown injection smelting and converting: The Mitsubishi process
The Mitsubishi process is a continuous copper smelting and converting process comprising three steps—smelting of raw materials by injection, separation of slag and matte, and direct converting of high-grade matte. Since commercial operation began in 1974, the hearth productivity has been doubled, and several other improvements have …
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Development of Bottom-Blowing Copper Smelting …
Bottom-blowing copper smelting technology was initiated and developed in China in the 1990s. Injection of oxygen-enriched high-pressure gas strongly stirs the molten bath consisting of matte and slag. Rapid reaction at relatively lower temperatures and good adaptability of the feed materials are the main advantages of this technology. …
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Mineralogical and morphological factors affecting the separation …
Copper smelting slag is a waste source generated from copper pyrometallurgy production which typically contains 40 wt.% Fe and a considerable quantity of both environmental-hazardous and valuable metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd and toxic element As (Guo et al., 2018; Ma et al., 2016; Meng et al., 2020). ... In the process of …
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A new method of full resource utilization of copper slag
1. Introduction. With the rapid development of construction, electronics, machinery, metallurgy and other fields, the production and consumption of copper have skyrocketed, with its production reaching 28.5 million tons in 2019 alone (Tian et al., 2021).About 80% of the annual copper production in the world is generated by …
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Flash Smelting of Copper | SpringerLink
Process Flow. In copper matte smelting, fine and pulverized burdens (concentrate, solvent, dust, etc.) are uniformly mixed, dried (moisture less than 0.3%), and then stored in the feed bin at the top of a furnace. Burdens and oxygen-enriched air (oxygen content: 80–90%) are sprayed uniformly through the central divergent nozzle into the ...
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Artificial Slags with Modulated Properties for Controlled …
In pyrometallurgy process involving drying, calcination and reductive smelting steps, Saprolite ore is subjected in an electric arc furnace to produce Fe–Ni alloy and Ni matte. To optimize the nickel smelting step, the slag consisted of MgO–SiO2–FeO and having a lower viscosity and high fluidity is required. In this study, a number of new …
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Gold Smelting & Refining Process
The charge is heated slowly until boiling point of mercury is reached. At this point the mercury is eliminated and condensed in cooling tubes passed through water. Obviously, some losses can be produced and this can be estimated as 0.065 grams per 255 grams of mercury. The process takes two to three hours.
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Co-Smelting Process of Pb Concentrate and Zn Leaching
Direct lead-smelting technologies were developed in the 1960 s, 6 and became popular in the 1990 s. 7 Currently, these technologies dominate the industry. 8,9 The most remarkable feature of the direct lead smelting process is that a mixture of Pb concentrates, other Pb-containing materials, and fluxes is directly processed with oxygen …
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