Zone Refining
The principle of zone refining is that the impurities in an ingot or ore of metal are more soluble in the melt state when compared to the corresponding solid-state of the impurities. In the zone refining process, the impurities are concentrated at one end of the block of metal so that the rest of the block is purified.
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Nickel Refining
Use of electrical cells equipped with inert cathodes is the most common technology for nickel refining. Electrowinning, in which nickel is removed from solution in cells equipped …
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(PDF) Refining Approaches in the Platinum Group Metal
non-magnetic nickel-copper matte from a slow cooling matte separation process (Figure 2). The initial stage, i.e., copper removal, operates under mild conditions to leach some nickel and cobalt ...
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Assessing the energy and greenhouse gas footprints of nickel …
The pyrometallurgical process for refining saprolite ores and the acid leach process both recover more nickel from the ore than the Caron ammonia leach process. The acid leach process is additionally favoured over the Caron process due to the high cobalt content of limonite ore, the high cobalt recovery (>90%), lower energy …
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Direct extraction of nickel and iron from laterite ores using …
Abstract. The carbonyl method of refining nickel and iron was invented more than 100 years ago and has been used for refining of nickel commercially. CVMR® developed the process of direct extraction of nickel and iron from laterite ores as metal carbonyls which in turn produced pure nickel and iron metals. CVMR®'s carbonyl …
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Nickel in process engineering
Learn why nickel is extensively used in the chemical, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries, in the form of stainless steels and nickel alloys.
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Optimization of Nickel Precipitation and Leaching Process
The optimization of the nickel precipitation process was initiated by performing experiments at varying pH levels ranging from 8 to 13. The contact time also varied between 6 and 24 h. After each precipitation run, the obtained precipitate was carefully collected and subsequently dried in an oven at 120 °C for a period of 6 h.
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Hydrometallurgical Nickel And Cobalt Production From …
The nickel metal is ingrained within the stable goethite matrix (oxidic mineral phase) which requires stringent actions (high energy and/or chemical attack) for its dissociation. 70% Ni and 81% Co ...
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Vale's Long Harbour Refinery: World Class Producer of Low-Carbon Nickel
Vale Base Metals operates the Long Harbour Refinery using a novel hydrometallurgical process** to produce high-purity electrolytic nickel, cobalt, and copper, from the nickel sulphide concentrate produced at the mining operation at Voisey's Bay. The process is based on controlled partial oxidation of sulphide sulphur to sulphate using …
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Strategies for improving the environmental performance of nickel …
Nickel-containing industrial wastes from various regions were recycled to produce nickel anode plates via furnace smelting and electric arc refining furnace processes (CNMIA, 2016). Here, the abovementioned nickel anode plate was used as the raw material in the electrolysis process at the refining stage of electrolytic nickel …
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Nickel processing | Extraction & Refining Techniques
nickel processing, preparation of the metal for use in various products. Although it is best known for its use in coinage, nickel (Ni) has become much more important for its many …
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Nickel: smelting, producing-Metalpedia
Outotec® Nickel Flash Smelting Process is a benchmark nickel-smelting method and a clear global leader in the world's primary nickel production from sulfide raw materials. …
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Nickel / cobalt mining extraction procedures
The process begins by adding the sulfide-associated mineral to a reactor with sulfuric acid and pressurised air. This procedure removes the sulphides to obtain nickel (II) sulfate and cobalt (II) sulfate in solution. In this first dissolution stage, the sulfide is removed. NiS + 2O2 NiSO4. CoS + 2O2 CoSO4.
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Hydrometallurgical nickel and cobalt plants and processes
We ofer an extensive selection of processes for solution purification and by-product recovery for nickel and cobalt production. During leaching, other metallic components, …
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Chemical aspects of mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide precipitation and
The MHP (PT Gebe Industry Nickel) refining process aims to obtain the nickel contain (51.43% by weight of MHP, analyzed by PT CCIC Jakarta) in the form of Ni(CH3COO)2 compounds.
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Hydro-Pyro Integration in the processing of Nickel …
The natural product for a leaching process is a high grade nickel intermediate either from a direct precipitation process (containing approx. 36% Ni) or via Ion Exchange (>50% Ni). There are many existing pyrometallurgic al facilities which could easily be adapted to take this nickel intermediate giving them significant potential
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Production of High Purity Metals: A Review on Zone Refining Process
Purification is a primary application of zone melting, in which the improvement of efficiency, production yield and minimum achievable impurity level are always the research focus due to the increasing demand for high purity metals. This paper has systematically outlined the whole development of related research on zone refining of metals including basic …
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(PDF) Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and …
Low-grade ferro-nickel is simply an iron–nickel alloy that contains lower nickel than standard ferro-nickel does (i.e., minimum of 15%). According to the literature, within a very short
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A critical review on extraction and refining of vanadium metal
This work will review the extraction and refining methods of crude vanadium in detail, and try to provide a reference for researchers and development of new extraction technologies of high-purity metallic vanadium. 2. Thermal …
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Pressure leaching of copper sulphide from nickel refining: …
1. Introduction. The global production of nickel is largely based on nickel sulphide minerals (60%) with pyrometallurgical converting into matte, followed by a hydrometallurgical process with unit processes such as leaching (atmospheric and/or pressure), iron removal, solvent extraction (SX) for cobalt and nickel and final product …
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Cobalt processing | Uses, Supply, & Facts | Britannica
cobalt processing, preparation of the metal for use in various products. Below 417 °C (783 °F), cobalt (Co) has a stable hexagonal close-packed crystal structure. At higher temperatures up to the melting point of 1,495 °C (2,723 °F), the stable form is face-centred cubic. The metal has 12 radioactive isotopes, none of which occurs naturally.
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Nickel: smelting, producing-Metalpedia
It then decomposes, depositing pure nickel onto the nickel spheres. Alternatively, the nickel carbonyl may be decomposed in a smaller chamber at 230 °C to create a fine nickel powder. The resultant carbon monoxide is re-circulated and reused through the process. The highly pure nickel produced by this process is known as "carbonyl nickel".
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Thermo-ecological and exergy replacement costs of nickel processing
The refining grade of laterite ores with a maximum nickel content of 3% is x r = 8.00E −02 g/g [31]. The energy requirement during the concentration process implies 6.3 GJ/t Ni, while the energy consumption in the refining process is 412 GJ/t Ni [8]. With the above data and applying Eqs.
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Nickel sulphide smelting and electrorefining practice: A …
Details of smelting and refining practice are provided for the three largest nickel producers. For completeness, other extractionprocesses involving a mixed sulphide, pellets from the carbonyl process, nickel powders, and briquettes are noted in the compendium of nickel processing practice, which includes pyrometallurgical principles.
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Solvent Extraction Process for Refining Cobalt and Nickel …
A flowsheet with different solvent extraction (SX) units was tested to purify cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc from a so-called "bulk hydroxide precipitate" (BHP) from bioleaching of sulfidic tailings. A complex pregnant leaching solution was obtained by sulfuric acid leaching of the BHP, dissolving target (>99.5%) and secondary elements …
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The Kristiansand Nickel Refinery | JOM
A brief historical sketch and description of the nickel refinery at Kristiansand, Norway, is presented. This plant was among the first to employ electrolytic refining techniques for nickel. A description of the original Hybinette electrolytic process, and subsequent improvements in the process are presented. The roasting, leaching, anode …
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Carbonyl Process | SpringerLink
In 1974, the Bois Nickel Plant in New Caledonia started using medium-pressure process for nickel refining. This process has been used on a small scale in China. Medium-pressure process is based on two patented technologies: The first technology is that such nickel-bearing materials as alloys obtained in the grinding …
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The Comprehensive Guide to Nickel Processing | Mining Pedia
This guide has provided an overview of the nickel processing process, covering mining methods, ore preparation, extraction processes, refining techniques, and the utilization …
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The changing landscape of carbonyl iron and nickel …
carbonyl refining process to increase the nickel extraction yield. In inter-mediate pressure nickel carbonyl refining, nickel containing metallics are batch-charged into a rotating carbonylation reactor and allowed to react with carbon monoxide at ~7.0 MPa and 170°C [7, 8]. Nickel carbonyl and a fraction of iron carbonyl are condensed for storage,
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Recent advances in the recovery of germanium during the zinc refining …
Alkaline leaching is very suitable for the properties of germanium, but according to the acid recovery process of zinc refining, adjusting the leaching system of germanium will cause serious resource consumption. Alkaline leaching agents are rarely used in the recovery process of germanium in zinc refining residues. 3.3. Field …
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