DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE Module 4
Contents: – Introduction, self-study modules – Module 1: general danger signs for the sick child – Module 2: The sick young infant – Module 3: Cough or dificult breathing. – Module 4: Diarrhoea – Module 5: Fever – Module 6: Malnutrition and anaemia. ll out – Logbook – Chart book1.Child Health Services. 2.Child Care. 3.Child Mor.
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INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS
DEHYDRATION • Give fluid, zinc supplements and food for some dehydration (Plan B) • If child also has a severe classification: → Refer URGENTLY to hospital with mother giving frequent sips of ORS on the way Advise the mother to continue breastfeeding • Advise mother when to return immediately • Follow-up in 5 days if not improving.
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A manual for physicians and other senior health workers
If the child is improving, the antimicrobial should be continued for five days. Figure 1: Outpatient management of bloody diarrhoea in children below 5 years of agea. Treatment should also include (i) oral rehydration therapy to treat or prevent dehydration, and (ii) continued frequent feeding, including breastfeeding.
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A comparison of the NIRUDAK models and WHO algorithm for dehydration
Outcome measurements are based on our criterion standard of percent weight change; a tabulation of dehydration classification based on each model is provided in appendix 2 (p 4). Dehydration category: Severe dehydration: 120 (7·6%) Some dehydration: 1159 (73·4%) No dehydration: 301 (19·1%)
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WHO (World Health Organisation) suggested management of dehydration
Seek expert help. If severe dehydration then excessively rapid rehydration may result in cerebral oedema. World Health Organization (WHO) scale for dehydration It is important to determine the degree of dehydration in order to select the appropriate plan to treat or prevent dehydration.. Clinical assessment for degree of dehydration …
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Burns: Classification, Pathophysiology, and Treatment: A …
2.1. Classification of Burns. Burn injuries can be classified according to a number of factors, including their depth, aetiology and percentage of body surface area affected. The combination of the above classifications determines the degree of burn injury. Burns can be classified as "partial-thickness" and "full-thickness".
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Dehydration and Rehydration Mechanisms of
A rule for the classification of hydrates has not been reported previously because of the lack of specific parameters for comparison. This problem can be overcome using the dehydration and rehydration E a and the rehydration propensities. A rule for the classification of pharmaceutical hydrates, which we named the …
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MRI classification system for lumbar disc degeneration
Disc degeneration can be graded on MRI T2 weighted images.. Usage. The Pfirrmann grading system is the most widely known classification for intervertebral disc degeneration and is used in both clinical and research capabilities 2,3.The intra- and inter-observer agreement of the Pfirrmann grading system is excellent 3.. Classification
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Dehydration and Rehydration Mechanisms of …
Dehydration strongly influences the stability of hydrate drug substances. Consequently, the ability to predict dehydration of crystalline hydrate using the intermolecular interactions of water molecules contained in the crystals is essential for drug development. The conventional method employed to …
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POAC CLINICAL GUIDELINE
Dehydration This guideline is specific to body fluid losses secondary to hyperemesis, vomiting and / or diarrhoea. It aims to serve as a general guideline and support aid in the assessment and management of mild to moderate dehydration. Severe dehydration is the result of large fluid losses and may be complicated by electrolyte and
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Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver that can result from a variety of causes, such as heavy alcohol use, autoimmune disorders, drugs, or toxins. However, the most frequent cause of hepatitis is due to a viral infection, referred to as "viral hepatitis." In the United States, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis …
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Dehydration in Children
Dehydration results from. Increased fluid loss. Decreased fluid intake. Both. The most common source of increased fluid loss is the gastrointestinal tract—from vomiting, diarrhea, or both (eg, gastroenteritis).Other sources are renal (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis), cutaneous (eg, excessive sweating, burns), and 3rd-space losses (eg, into the intestinal lumen in …
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Carbohydrates (article) | Chemistry of life | Khan Academy
Carbohydrates are biological molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of roughly one carbon atom (C ) to one water molecule (H 2 O ).This composition gives carbohydrates their name: they are made up of carbon (carbo-) plus water (-hydrate).Carbohydrate chains come in different lengths, and biologically important …
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The diagnosis and management of dehydration in children …
Introduction. One-third of children who die from diarrhea each year have moderate or severe wasting [1, 2].Dehydration is an important pathway leading to diarrhea-associated mortality [], and its identification and treatment remain the main focus of diarrhea management guidelines.The diagnosis of dehydration in children includes signs which …
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Dehydration: Isonatremic, Hyponatremic, and Hypernatremic Recognition
Clinicians need to recognize the signs and symptoms of dehydration to safely restore fluid and electrolytes.After completing this article, readers should be able to:Dehydration is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Diarrheal disease and dehydration account for 14% to 30% of worldwide …
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Dehydration
Dehydration. Excessive hypotonic fluid losses occur from chemotherapy and/or malignancy-induced diarrhea, diabetes insipidus induced by chemotherapies, central diabetes insipidus caused by tumor involvement, insensible losses in setting of high fevers, osmotic diuresis in setting of tube feeds, postobstructive diuresis, and the polyuric phase …
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Hypovolemic Shock
Hypovolemic shock is a potentially life-threatening condition. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential.[1] Hypovolemic shock is circulatory failure due to effective intravascular volume loss (fluids or blood). This effective circulatory volume loss leads to tissue hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia. If left …
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Hemorrhagic Shock
The hypovolemic shock could be due to severe dehydration through a variety of mechanisms or from blood loss. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhagic shock, a subset of hypovolemic shock, will be explored in this activity. ... (ATLS) hemorrhagic shock classification links the amount of blood loss to expected …
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A multidisciplinary consensus on dehydration: definitions, diagnostic
Several studies reported in this section (and the next) used ICD coding classification for diagnosis of dehydration. The studies, however, used a variety of codes to define a diagnosis of dehydration, the three principle ones being hyper-osmolality/natraemia (code 276.0), hypo-osmolality/natraemia (276.1) and volume …
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Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood …
DEHYDRATION If child has no other severe classification: Give fluid for severe dehydration (Plan C) OR If child also has another severe classification: Refer URGENTLY to hospital with mother giving frequent sips of ORS on the way Advise the mother to continue breastfeeding If child is 2 years or older and there is cholera in your …
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Normal Saline
Fluid therapy is a critical component of the clinical management of patients. It consists of colloid therapy as well as crystalloid therapy. The most commonly used crystalloid worldwide is normal saline which is used in the management and treatment of dehydration (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), metabolic alkalosis in the presence of fluid …
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A multidisciplinary consensus on dehydration: definitions, …
Background: Dehydration appears prevalent, costly and associated with adverse outcomes. We sought to generate consensus on such key issues and elucidate need for further scientific enquiry. Materials and methods: A modified Delphi process combined expert opinion and evidence appraisal. Twelve relevant experts addressed …
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Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L but can vary to some extent depending upon the set values of varied laboratories.[1] Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water in comparison to that of the total body sodium content. Edelman approved of the …
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Dehydrogenation (Dehydration) of Alcohols
Dehydrogenation (Dehydration of Alcohols) - Dehydrogenation (Dehydration of Alcohols) - The dehydrogenation of alcohol to a ketone or aldehyde is one of the most frequent oxidation reactions. Understand the Dehydration of Alcohols with E1, E2 Mechanism i.e. Formation of protonated alcohol, Carbocation, Alkene formation. Visit …
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Acute Kidney Injury: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
Management of acute kidney injury is primarily supportive, with the goals of preventing further damage and promoting recovery of renal function. 7 Figure 1 is a suggested approach to the ...
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Fluids, Electrolytes, and Dehydration | SpringerLink
Table 3.7 WHO classification of dehydration. Full size table. Table 3.8 Types of dehydration. Full size table. Aim for rehydration within 12–24 h, unless hypernatremia is documented (Na >150 mmol/L), where the period should be lengthened to ∼36–48 h. ... Dehydration, renal failure, post-transfusion, tumor lysis syndrome, rhabdomyolysis.
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Classification of the Degree of Dehydration in Diarrhea
Detection and classification of the degree of dehydration are vital for proper treatment. Methods: The authors reviewed six international guidelines on AGE in children.
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Dehydration | IntechOpen
Classification of dehydration into NO, SOME, and SEVERE are recommended by WHO and other groups [1, 8]. Prolonged capillary refill time, abnormal skin turgor, and abnormal respiratory pattern still remain the best three individual examination signs for assessment of dehydration. Increased capillary refill time was the …
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Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea. Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, and was responsible for the deaths of 370,000 children in 2019. The most severe threat posed by diarrhoea is dehydration. During an episode of diarrhoea, water and electrolytes including sodium, chloride, potassium and bicarbonate …
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The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
Concise knowledge for medical students and healthcare professionals
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