Efficient utilization of nickel rich Chromite Ore
The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt ...
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Technology Innovations in the Smelting of Chromite …
48. Technology Innovations in the Smelting of Chromite Ore. Chima Ugwuegbu Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria E-mail: cugwuegbu@gmail Abstract The increasing costs of electric energy and thus the need to reduce the energy required to produce …
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Valorization From Waste: Combined Reduction of …
mium, but chromite is the only mineral from which chro-mium is extracted [2]. The global ferrochrome market was valued at USD 16.10 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow to USD 24.03 billion by 2030. With the limited reserve of high-grade chromite ore (Cr 2 O 3 around 48%), it has become important to use the medium and low-grade chromite ores to
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Corrosion behavior of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO-Cr2O3
The MgO bricks were generally used as the refractory linings in electric furnace smelting of chromite ore. The reaction mechanisms between the MgO refractory and CaO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2-MgO-Cr 2 O 3 slags were experimentally investigated. The elemental distribution and phase compositions at the contact surface between slags and …
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A comparative study for smelting of chromite ore, pellets, briquettes
Chromite ore is available in nature mainly in the form of Cr2O3.FeO which contains 40 - 52% Cr2O3 and 15- 20% FeO by weight. Global annual output of chromite ore is approximately 20 Mt, which has ...
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Efficient reduction of Cr(VI) and recovery of Fe from chromite ore …
Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a by-product generated after the leaching of sodium chromate by roasting chromite ore at 1200 °C. However, the residual 1130–8500 mg/kg of highly toxic Cr(VI) in COPR poses a severe threat to the ecosystems ( Du and Chrysochoou, 2018, Xia et al., 2020, Molinari et al., 2021, Guleria et al., 2022 ).
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Chromium in Environment, Its Toxic Effect from …
reduction of chromite ore (FeO·CrO). Quartzite- and aluminium oxide-containing materials are used as additives to compensate for high magnesium contents that are found in some ores (Erdem et al. 2005). Chromite ore is considered to be inert and insoluble in water, with chromium mainly occurring in the trivalent state.
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The Solidification of Lead-Zinc Smelting Slag through …
Lead-Zinc Smelting Slag (LZSS) is an industrial waste produced during the smelting of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from their ores. ... Xu, G.J.; Zhao, Z.Q.; Yu, L.; Yan, Y.J.; Li, D.W.; Jiao, B. Immobilization of chromite ore processing residue with alkali-activated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer. ... Santoro, L. Coal fly ash as raw …
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Efficient pre-reduction of chromite ore with biochar under …
Pre-reduction of chromite ore is crucial for producing ferrochromium alloy by submerged arc furnace (SAF) smelting. In this study, an efficient method for low-temperature pre-reduction of chromite ore using biochar under microwave irradiation was explored to produce good burden for subsequent SAF smelting. The thermodynamic …
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Study of chromium immobilization behavior in unbound …
Disposal of ferrochromium slag, a major industrial solid waste generated during production of ferrochromium alloy has been a serious problem owing to the presence of 7.8–12.0% residual chromium in it. The principal mineral phases in the slag were identified as forsterite, fayalite, magnesiochromite and chromferide. Microscopic and …
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Solidification/stabilization of chromite ore processing …
In order to realize the harmless and resource disposal of hazardous waste incineration residue (HWIR) and chromite ore processing residue (COPR), this paper prepares glass–ceramics by HWIR. The COPR was co-sintered with the base glass of HWIR to realize the solidification and stabilization of COPR. The results shown that the …
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Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce …
Abstract The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt (metal pool 1 kg) was prepared in a 3–capacity laboratory-scale electric arc furnace for the absorption of reduced metals like chromium ...
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Ferrochrome Smelting In Zimbabwe
3.1.1. Chromite ore Chromite ore is the only commercial source of chromium. About 80% of world production comes from India, Iran, Pakistan, Oman, Turkey and Southern Africa (which produces half of this). In Zimbabwe, chrome occurs in two distinct geological environments; the Great Dyke and the Greenstone belts.
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Mechanism of the Direct Reduction of Chromite Process as a …
1. Introduction. Ferrochrome is typically produced by the smelting of chromite ore in electric arc furnaces. Conventional smelting processes are energy intensive with variable energy consumptions from about 3 to 7 MWh per ton ferrochrome produced 1 with the lower range belonging to most advanced technologies like closed …
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Value-added utilization of waste silica powder into high …
In order to improve the strength of fired chromite pellets, some methods were developed, such as high pressure grinding rolling (HPGR) pretreatment, blending magnetite with chromite ore fines and addition of waste silica powder etc. [25-27]. These researches show that pelletizing is a suitable process for utilizing the chromite ore fines.
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Commercial Processes for the Extraction of Platinum Group …
PGMs from high grade chromite ores (containing 200–2000 g/t PGM along with 0.4–2.8% Cr 2 O 3) are conventionally recuperated by matte-smelting-refining process as shown in Fig. 1 [3, 11]. The chromite rich ores are generally processed by conventional flotation in a mill-float-mill-float (MF2) open circuit prior to recovery of PGMs, in order ...
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Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of High …
In 2020, global ferrochrome production was 12.7 million tonnes in which China, South Africa and Kazakhstan rank as the top three producers. 14 Chromite (FeCr 2 O 4) ore is today the only economical chromium resource that contains about 45%Cr 2 O 3.It is extracted by either open-pit or underground method. 15 HC FeCr is typically …
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Smelting of High-Carbon Ferrochrome from Prereduced Chromite …
Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting furnace of the Chemical ...
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Chromite mining pollution, environmental impact, toxicity …
Chromite mining activities are indispensable for production of goods and services. Sukinda is a major mining site of Odisha, India, polluted by chromium, which is highly toxic in its hexavalent form. The Sukinda valley is a rich source of chromites, amounting to almost 95% of Cr available in India, and is the fourth most polluted site …
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Fluxing of South African chromite ore with colemanite
44 Figure 2: A graphical representation of a complex spinel phase (crystallography365.wordpress). In general, spinel = AB2O4.Yellow tetrahedra = 'A', blue octahedral = 'B', red = oxygen anions. The purpose of chromite smelting is to reduce most of the Cr2O3 in the MgCr2O4 and FeCr2O4 spinel phases to Cr, and to separate …
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Chromium steel from chromite ore processing residue
Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is an industrial waste produced in the chromic salts production process and contains a small portion of leached Cr(VI), which is highly toxic and is listed ...
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Slag: From By-product to Valuable Construction Material
07.29.2014. Slag is a by-product of the metallurgical smelting process. Slag has a double role: it permits removal of impurities, known as gangue, from the melt by forming oxides. It also allows exchange reactions with the liquid metal, permitting control of the process in order for the desirable elements to stay in the melt while the others ...
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The extractive metallurgy of South Africa's platinum ores
These ores include platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, (the PGM's) as well as nickel, copper and cobalt in economically. recoverable quantities. Three broad ore types ...
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Smelting of high-carbon ferrochromium from pre-reduced chromite …
The article presents the results of smelting of high-carbon ferrochromium (HCFeCr) from pre-reduced chromite raw materials. Experimental melts of three batches of pre-reduced chromite raw material with varying degrees of chromium metallization were conducted using a 0.2 MVA furnace at the Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute in Karaganda.
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Co-treatment of chromite ore processing residue and …
1. Introduction. The production of chromate from the roasted chromite produces millions tons of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) annually [1], [14].Due to the industrial incomplete roasting and leaching, about 6 wt% of Cr remain within COPR particles including 1130 − 8500 mg/kg of hazardous Cr(VI) [7].Unlike less toxic and less …
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Aspects of smelting reduction of chromite ore fines in
At 1600°C and 3 h of smelting, satisfactory recoveries of the metals within the alloy were observed, showing further that the charge mixture containing 15% chromite ore, 85% saprolite-type nickel ...
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Chemical beneficiation of chromite ore to improve the
Request PDF | On Oct 1, 2023, E.L.J. Kleynhans and others published Chemical beneficiation of chromite ore to improve the chromium-to-iron ratio for ferrochrome production | Find, read and cite ...
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Samancor Products
Western Chrome Mines has a capacity of 2.0 million tons of run of mine ore. The main products of the mines are metallurgical and chemical concentrates, with some foundry grades. ... The blasted rock consisting of some 70 percent chrome ore and 30 percent waste, is then loaded by load-haul-dump units and transported to conveyor loading …
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(PDF) Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce …
Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N Alloy. Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N Alloy. O. P. Sinha. 2020, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals ...
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Kinetic study on solid state and smelting reduction of chromite ore
5. The aim of t his study was to investigate the kinetics of solid state reduction of chromite as well as. dissolution of chromit e in the slag and in liquid metal and its reduction by s olid ...
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