Origin of heavy rare earth mineralization in South China
Abstract. Heavy rare earth elements (HREE) are dominantly mined from the weathering crusts of granites in South China. Although weathering processes occur globally, no economic HREE resources of ...
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Unravelling the processes controlling apatite formation in …
The Phalaborwa world-class phosphate deposit (South Africa) is hosted by a Paleoproterozoic alkaline complex mainly composed of phoscorite, carbonatite, pyroxenitic rocks, and subordinate fenite. In addition, syenite and trachyte occur in numerous satellite bodies. New petrological and in-situ geochemical data along with O …
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The 'Crago Process' and Its Applicability to a …
The traditional approach for the beneficiation of South African siliceous sedimentary phosphate ores has been reverse cationic flotation. The robustness of this approach, however, has been a ...
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Assimilation of xenocrystic apatite in peraluminous granitic …
Apatite is a ubiquitous phase in granite plutons and in most adjacent country rocks, thus contamination of a granite magma with wall-rock ... University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China ... SOUTH MOUNTAIN BATHOLITH, …
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Denudation along the Atlantic passive margin: …
Apatite fission-track (AFT) data from two traverses across the Great Escarpment of the western coast of South Africa are used to reconstruct the tectonic evolution and denudation history of this ...
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The 'Crago Process' and Its Applicability to a South African
The traditional approach for the beneficiation of South African siliceous sedimentary phosphate ores has been reverse cationic flotation. The robustness of this approach, however, has been a concern due to its sensitivity to parameters such as slimes content, headgrade (P 2 O 5 and SiO 2 content), reagent dosages and conditioning …
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Phosphorus and Phosphates
nepheline–seyenite and carbonatites. The apatite deposits in Russia's Kola Peninsula are associated with nepheline–seyenite. Carbonatite deposits that are mined for their phosphate con-tent include Siilinjarvi in Finland, Jacupiranga and Araxa in Brazil, Phalaborwa in South Africa, and Kapuskasing in Canada. By-product recovery from ...
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South Africa | History, Capital, Flag, Map, Population, & Facts
South Africa's remoteness—it lies thousands of miles distant from major African cities such as Lagos and Cairo and more than 6,000 miles (10,000 km) away from most of Europe, North America, and eastern Asia, where its major trading partners are located—helped reinforce the official system of apartheid for a large part of the 20th …
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Steenkampskraal Rare Earth Elements Mine, South Africa
The Steenkampskraal project is located in Western Cape Province of South Africa. The proven and probable reserves of Steenkampskraal rare earth elements mine are estimated to be 799,700t. The Steenkampskraal project is expected to produce 30,000t of ore a year. Image courtesy of Peggy Greb, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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(U-Th)/He Dating of Phosphates: Apatite, Monazite, and Xenotime
The common phosphate minerals, apatite Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 (F,OH,Cl), monazite (Ce,La,Th)PO 4, and xenotime YPO 4, have found widespread use in geochronology because they incorporate U and Th into their structures.For example, apatite usually has a few tens of ppm of both U and Th, while monazite and xenotime usually have hundreds …
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Phosphate Mining Firms Set Sights on Southern Africa's Sea …
South Africa, 2016. A persistent fear of diminishing phosphorus reserves has pushed mining companies to search far and wide for new sources. Companies identified phosphate deposits on the ocean floor and are fighting for mining rights around the world. Countries in southern Africa have the potential to set an international …
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High Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, Hypercalcaemia, Race, …
1. Introduction. Prior to the availability of commercial intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) assays, serum total alkaline phosphatase (TAP) measurements were used as one of the surrogate markers of high bone turnover that was utilized in the management of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) [].Subsequently, in …
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Phosphorus Fertilizer: The Original and …
Earlier the original source of phosphorus (P) fertilizer was bones; as time passes, the supply of P fertilizer will get exhausted. Today, rock phosphate is the only raw material in the form of P fertilizers. …
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Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite
The 2060 Ma old Palabora Carbonatite Complex (PCC), South Africa, comprises diverse REE mineral assemblages formed during different stages and reflects an outstanding instance to understand the evolution of a carbonatite-related REE mineralization from orthomagmatic to late-magmatic stages and their secondary post …
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Vanadinite is a mineral belonging to the apatite group of phosphates …
A dense, brittle mineral, it is usually found in the form of red hexagonal crystals. It is an uncommon mineral, formed by the oxidation of lead ore deposits such as galena. First discovered in 1801 in Mexico, vanadinite deposits have since been unearthed in South America, Europe, Africa, and North America.
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Apatite enrichment by rare earth elements: A review of the …
Apatite enrichment by rare earth elements: A review of the effects of surface properties ... South Africa: La 1245 ppm: Dawson and Hinton [41] Songwe Hill: Carbonatite: Malawi: Fluorapatite: 6200 ppm Ce, 3400 ppm Nd: ... Two phosphates from Dehrn, dehrnite and crandallite. Am Miner, 15 (1930), p. 303. Google Scholar [24] C. …
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Apatite: Its uses as a mineral and gemstone
Physical Properties. Apatite is best known for its use as an index mineral with a hardness of 5 in the Mohs Hardness Scale. It is usually green in color, but can be yellow, brown, blue, purple, pink, or colorless. These colors are often so vivid that apatite has frequently been cut as a gemstone. Apatite is a brittle material.
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Apatite from South Africa
Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. Phalaborwa ⓘ Foskor apatite pit; ... (2012). Kimberlite sills and dykes associated with the Wesselton kimberlite pipe, Kimberley, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 115(1), 1-32. John Taolo Gaetsewe; Gamagara; Kathu
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Fatty acid separation of siliceous carbonate phosphates
The University of Alabama Mineral Resources Institute (MRI) has developed a unique process for selective fatty acid flotation of carbonate gangue from sedimentary apatites (francolite) in the pH range of 4–6 without collector conditioning of the pulp. The process, which does not require an apatite depressant, was modified to beneficiate a …
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Long-term evolution of the West African transform
Quantitative constraints on erosion across Benin are limited to the Cenozoic, based on analysis of dissected lateritic palaeolandscapes. To resolve the Mesozoic erosion history, we have obtained apatite fission-track and single-grain (U–Th–Sm)/He data from 18 samples collected across a 600 km long transect through Benin.
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The Minerals of Palabora, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Bearing in mind that the South African Phosphates Limited Company had mined disseminat ed apatite in the surrounding pyro xenites from 1930 to 1934, he sent his
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Sophie Decrée – GSB
Though being hired at the RBINS since 2014, I carried on working on alkaline complexes in Africa (i.e. the Paleoproterozoic Phalaborwa complex and related world-class phosphate deposit, South Africa), focusing more and more my works on the speciation and distribution of phosphates and REE in such systems, applying a variety of methods to ...
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Paleogeographical reconstruction of the South China Block …
Provenance variations include a shift with time in the major age populations from ca. 900 Ma to 600 Ma with a decrease in metamorphic apatite (from 72% to 52% of all grains) in the late Cryogenian ...
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Surface Chemistry and Flotation Behavior of Monazite, …
Beneficiation of Phosphates VIII Proceedings 4-30-2018 Surface Chemistry and Flotation Behavior of Monazite, Apatite, Ilmenite, Quartz, Rutile, and ... Apatite, Ilmenite, Quartz, Rutile, and ... South Africa Professor Neil Snyders, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Mr. Ewan Wingate, WorleyParsons Services Pty Ltd., Australia Prof. Guven ...
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Mineralogical Society of America
The Crystal Structure of Apatite, Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 (F,OH,Cl) by John M. Hughes and John Rakovan, p. 1 - 12. Chapter 2. Compositions of the Apatite-Group Minerals: Substitution Mechanisms and Controlling …
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Rare earth element abundances in apatite in the
The concentrations of the rare earth elements (REEs) in apatite from a 600-m-thick sequence toward the top of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, have previously been published; they show two ranges of compositions in a lower section and an upper section. The data were interpreted in terms of liquid immiscibility.
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10 Phosphorus and Phosphates G. A. Gruber* and D. W.
Phalaborwa in South Africa, and Kapuskasing Canada. By-product recovery from igneous phosphate ores is common. Nepheline (NaA1Si0 4) is recovered from the Russian ore, calcite from the Finnish copper con centrate and baddelyite (Zr0 2) from the South African ore, and barite from Brazilian ore. A minor percentage of the world's phosphate
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Magmatic evolution of the Schiel Alkaline Complex, Bushveld …
The Limpopo Belt (LB) of southern Africa is exposed in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa (Fig. 1), covering an area of ca. 185.000 km 2 over a length of ∼600 km and a width of 250 km.The LB is a high-grade metamorphic terrane, bounded by the Zimbabwe Craton in the north and the Kaapvaal Craton in the south.
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A model for the formation of carbonatite-phoscorite
Apatite and mica are two of the most abundant non-carbonate minerals in carbonatites. They cover a large compositional range and are therefore ideal monitors for the magmatic and hydrothermal evolution of such systems (e.g., Brigatti et al., 1996b; Chakhmouradian et al., 2017).Apatites from carbonatites and phoscorites are known to …
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Phosphorus dynamics around the sulphate-methane …
While studies by Burns (1997) and März et al. (2008) imply vivianite formation in fully marine deep-sea deposits below the SMT, a more systematic understanding of the link between depositional conditions and P diagenesis around the SMT is still lacking. Thus, the aim of this study is to better constrain this understudied part of the P cycle by …
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